Half of a Yellow Sun Essay -- Analysis, Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche

To go to war is to engage in a fight with another Nation. Many view war as being an appropriate action that can only solve problems. Others believe that war is a violent action that leads to nothing but casualties. In the article, â€Å"Regarding the Torture of Others† Susan Sontag writes about the torture soldiers are inflicting on prisoners. Some torture was done so brutally that the some of the soldiers deem that acts as correct and in the process seem to try to dehumanize the victims. The bush administration considered torture as being mistreatment not evil. The Blog â€Å"Military Blog† by Zachary Scott-Singley deals with the day by day life and thoughts of a solider at war. Zachary Scott-Singley is a soldier struggling with the wrong of his actions. At one point, he believes that the killing of Iraqis is okay, but he then believes it is not. He was torn between he believes is right and not. The story â€Å"Half of a Yellow Sun† by Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche is a story about a young girl and her families struggles during the Nigerian civil war of the 1960’s. Her family has pride like much of the people of Biafra. That all changed when her younger brother Obi died, and the family realizes at that point the war was lost. While Sontag still maintained that war was not bad, she still believed that it was the torture of others that made war such a brutal action. On the other hand, Zachery from military blog was lost trying to find out if War was correct or not. The characters from â€Å"Half of a Yellow Sun† share a belief that war is necessary to defend their nations honor and pride but as the war progresses and it began to affect them they begin to see that the war was not as productive as they hoped it would be. Looking at pictures of war is like l... ...at can come from war. War is seen as a last resource because of all the physical and mental damage it causes. In the story â€Å"Half of a Yellow Sun† war was seen as a way to gain the respect of a nation, but as the story progressed the family became affected, and the war that was supposed to benefit did nothing but badly affect them. In the blog Military Blog the main character saw war as a way of defending is nations pride along with protecting his family, but his continuing struggles with his actions kept him from being comfortable with his actions. In the article "Regarding the torture of others", Sontag saw the war as being a process that was not wrong but that was turned upside down because of the immoral actions of the soldiers. All the characters in each text showed how war changes not just the picture of war but the emotions and reasons that change afterward.

Cis170 Essay

using System. Collections. Generic; using System. Linq; using System. Text; namespace Lab5A { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string[] playerName = new string[100]; int[] playerScore = new int[100]; int c = 0; c=InputData(ref playerName, ref playerScore); double avg= CalculateAverageScore(ref playerScore,c); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Name Score†); DisplayPlayerData(ref playerName, ref playerScore, c); Console. WriteLine(); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Average Score: † + avg + † â€Å"); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Player’s Who Scored Below Average†); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Name Score†); DisplayBelowAverage(avg, ref playerName, ref playerScore,c); } static int InputData(ref string[] player, ref int[] score) { int addName = 0,counter=0; do { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter Player’s Name (Q to quit): â€Å"); player[counter] = Console. ReadLine(); if (player[counter] == â€Å"q† || player[counter] == â€Å"Q†) { addName = 1; } else { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter score for {0}: â€Å", player[counter]); score[counter] = Convert. ToInt32(Console. ReadLine()); counter++; } } while (addName ! = 1); eturn counter; } static void DisplayPlayerData(ref string[] playerName, ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { for (int i = 0; i < counter; i++) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"{0} {1}†, playerName[i], playerScore[i]); } } static double CalculateAverageScore(ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { int total = 0, avg = 0; for (int i = 0; i < counter; ++i) { total += Convert. ToInt32(playerScore[i]); } if (playerScore. Len gth > 0) avg = total / counter; return avg; } static void DisplayBelowAverage(double avg, ref string[] playerName, ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { or (int i = 0; i < counter; i++) { if (playerScore[i] < avg) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"{0} {1}†, playerName[i], playerScore[i]); } } Console. ReadLine(); } } } Part B: using System; using System. Collections. Generic; using System. Linq; using System. Text; using System. Collections; namespace Week_5_iLab_Part_B { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string response = â€Å"y†; ArrayList LastNameAL = new ArrayList(); //Console. Write(â€Å"Enter a last name: â€Å"); //LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()); //Console. Write(â€Å"Keep Going? (Y/N) â€Å"); //response = Console. ReadLine(); while (response == â€Å"y†) { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter a last name: â€Å"); LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()); Console. Write(â€Å"Keep Going? (y/n) â€Å"); response = Console. ReadLine(); } Console. WriteLine(LastNameAL. Count + † last names entered. â€Å"); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Last names in ascending order. â€Å"); LastNameAL. Sort(); foreach (string s in LastNameAL) { Console. WriteLine(s); } Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Last names in descending order. â€Å"); LastNameAL. Reverse(); foreach (string s in LastNameAL) { Console. WriteLine(s); } Console. ReadLine(); } } }

Medical Records Refer To Data And Information That Pertains

Medical records refer to data and information that pertains the medical history of patients. Medical records are an important component of health care as it ensures that monitoring of patient health is made easier. It is important to document medical records to be able to manage health and diagnosis of diseases adequately. According to the Joint Commission, there should be a standard of measure of recording medical records to facilitate easy retrieval by medical assistants. There are several approaches to maintaining medical records in a hospital. The standard methods include paperwork and electronic. All these methods are still usable, but special care should be made when an organization is shifting from paperwork to electronic records.†¦show more content†¦In spite of the fact that these materials may have characterized a legal record in paper terms (e.g., requiring a medicine sheet as opposed to an electronic prescription organization record), their definitions must turn into the reason for the association s legitimate health record definition (Blumenthal Tavenner, 2010). Make a decision on records generated in the course of diagnosis The second step is to decide if the records are made by the supplier or facilities ordinary course of business. Source-framework or unprocessed information are the information from which translations, rundowns, and notes are determined. They might be assigned some portion of the legitimate health record, regardless of whether they are incorporated into a solitary framework or kept up as a significant aspect of the source framework (McGinn et al., 2010). Records from source frameworks might be considered some portion of the lawful health record in view of the substance of the origin system s history. Generally, reports or discoveries whereupon clinical primary leadership is based are parts of the health record. For instance, the composed consequence of a test, for example, aShow MoreRelatedEssay On Clinical Data746 Words   |  3 Pagestypes of clinical data Clinical data types regroup generally several cathegories. According to Edward Shortliffe and James Cimino, they have a broad range including narrative, textual data to numerical measurement, genetic information, recorded signals, drawings and even photographs or other images. A more organised and inclusive presentation of clinical data types done at the Whealth Sciences Library University of Washington reduces them to six categories: Electronic health records: This type of clinicalRead MoreA Basic Overall Assessment Of Pasco County Health910 Words   |  4 Pagescounties in Florida Pasco places 45th. The higher the score the worse the county is. (County Health, 2013) There are two categories that the rankings were broken into were health outcomes and health factors. Health outcome refers to mortality and morbidity. Health factors pertain to health risks including factors like alcohol use, access to care and education. With Health factors Pasco ranked 28th. The rankings vary by a large margin and lead to the conclusion that the county has relatively healthyRead MoreBusiness Benefits Of Cloud Computing Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pageshealth sectors are: - Cost Savings on IT investment and overhead expense. Moving to cloud computing may reduce electronic health record (EHR) capital expenditure on hardware, software, services, networking, personnel, and licensing fees as this service is pay per user (Kuo, 2011; O’Brien and Marakas, 2011). Rather than purchasing server and software to house the records, using the cloud reduces cost of purchase, maintenance and upgrade, savings on power consumption on running the server 24/7 and savingsRead MoreImproving Communication, Access And Accuracy Of Medical Records1544 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the healthcare system is advancing to an electronic health record (EHR). Documentation of health information on paper is becoming a thing of the past, as the move for electronic charting is encouraged. This transition from paper charting has been recognized as a necessary transition to improve communication, access and accuracy of medical records (Hebda Czar, 2013). Development and implementation of the EHR continues to cultivate within the USA and is moving toward a moreRead MoreSimilarities Between Video 5 And Video 7 Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesElectronic Health Records (EHR) and its privacy. According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, â€Å"an Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that person s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiologyRead MoreCase Study : The Malpractice Case1195 Words   |  5 Pageswhen creating procedure for their health records because they need to ensure that their records are meeting specific standards. Accident or unexpected outcomes in healthcare happen and the care organization needs to understand how the litigation process works and how evidence is used. In order to fully understand the malpractice case involving General Hospital and the patient, we must first discuss what evidence is, how it is accessed, and how a health record fits into the realm of evidence. AccordingRead More Evaluating a Health Promotion Website872 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermine the most effective and accurate handover. Therefore, Analizing the level of data retained or lost from employing different handover methods is crucial. Here the above paper with be critiqued using the step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1: quantitative research (Coughlan, Cronin and Ryan, 2007). In defining quantitative research the term can be dichotomized. Firstly, research refers to creative, systematic work with the intention to increase the knowledge of man and therebyRead MoreAcute Consumption Of Cannabis And Driving Performance1429 Words   |  6 Pagesfunding and hiring researchers as well as granting permission for the research†(Wilkins, 2011). The institution preforming and supporting this research is called BMJ. BMJ is a pair reviewed medical research journal aimed at providing first class information concerning issues. In addition, the BMJ assists medical organizations and clinicians in tacking today’s most critical healthcare challenges. (Our expertise | BMJ, 2016) As stated in the textbook, â€Å" The purpose of the research concernsRead MoreHealth Insurance Coverage Via The Affordable Care Act Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pageseven the consumers are also worried about the possible closure of hospitals (Goodson, 2010). 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Social Process Theory Essay - 1049 Words

Social Process Theory Social Process and Crime In the social process theory, three areas are covered. The three are social learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction theory. The definition of the social learning theory is People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. â€Å"Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.† (Learning Theories Knowledgebase ). Most people learn through watching other. As a child, we learn by mocking what we have observed repeatedly. This is how we learn to walk, talk,†¦show more content†¦If the child feels that, they do not have a chance in school this may lead to them dropping out. In this situation, the child does not have a chance to build a steady relationship with the teacher for support. Another factor that can affect a child and what they learn can be peer groups. If the child is hanging around with a group that has antisocial behavior then they can fall into the trap of being bad because it is cool. The bad crowd can lead any child to deviant behavior and down the wrong path. The more violent the group the more likely the child will be to commit serious crime to impress their friends. One of the subcategories of Social Learning Theory is the Differential Association Theory first developed by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1939 in a text call Principles of criminology. The basic steps to this theory are. (Sutherland, 1939) 1. Criminal behavior is learned. 2. Learning is a by-product of interaction. 3. Learning occurs within intimate groups. 4. Criminal techniques are learned. 5. Perceptions of legal code influence motives and drives. 6. Differential associations may very in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. 7. The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anticriminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms involved in any other learning process. 8. Criminal behavior is an expression of generalShow MoreRelatedSocial Penetration Theory Is Defined As The Process Of Bonding1198 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor, Social Penetration Theory is defined as the process of bonding that moves a relationship from superficial to more intimate. The theory can be perceived as a game plan for people, especially in a relationship. This can give you guidance on how to interact with individuals in order to establish a stable, and developing relationship through interpersonal communication. For example, when you encounter someone whom you’ve never met before, you may ask someRead MoreThe Social Process Theories1247 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿A social norm is a specified code of conduct that is acceptable within a society or group. These norms include both appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors that are expected of individuals under given circumstances (Lewis, 1969). They are neither static nor universal as they keep on changing with time and vary with respect to culture, class and groups. There are two different types of social norms, namely behavioral or descriptive norms and attitudinal or injunctiveRead MoreEssay The Social Process Theory1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social Process Theory The social process theory suggests that criminals are raised in an environment that forms them to make unlawful decisions. People are influenced by what they are taught and their surroundings such as where they were raised, their guardians, and people they associated with. Individuals actions and thought process is going to be based off of what their first instinct is and their first instinct is going to be what they know best. 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Social Process Theory claims â€Å"crime results from failure of self-direction, from inadequate social roles, or from associating wit h others who are already criminals† (Schmalleger, 2015, p. 103)Read MoreSocial Theory And The Education Process1992 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Theory and the Education process Assignment: outline the main theoretical perspectives on education and evaluate their usefulness when analysing current issues Education plays an important part in everyone’s success in life. It provides children with teaching skills that prepare them mentally, physically and socially for the outside world of society. Education is vital to the needs of the modern industrial society, it teaches children from a young age discipline, respect, morals and valuesRead MoreThe Policy Implications Of Social Process Theories853 Words   |  4 PagesThe policy implications of social process theories include: diversion programs amongst other things. 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Every person has been confronted with the feeling of uncertainty, rather if it was when arriving to new a destinationRead MoreCultural Competency And Social Work Practice1098 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs, social groups, and ethic perceptions. Individuals are competent to function on their own and within an organization where multi-cultural situations will be present† (2016). Our communities are composed of various ethnicities which have led to the need to incorporate cultural competency in state legislation, federal statutes and programs, private sector organization and academic settings. The Indicators for the Achievement of the NASW Standards for Cultural Competency in Social Work PracticeRead More Values in Contemporary Social Work Essay examples2508 Words   |  11 Pagesclient and social worker. Social workers operate within society, not only to assist the individual but to create a more cohesive society. Values and ethics permeate the whole of social work practice and the society within which it practices (Shardlow 1989). Values are afforded a high position within social work, this is highlighted in: â€Å"Social work is a professional activity. Implicit in its practice are ethical principles which prescribe the professional responsibility of the social worker† (British

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1541 Words

The American Dream is a dream about possibilities, and a desire for success. Sometimes you can interpret the dream for money, sometimes for love regardless of what the you think it is, the dreamer works hard to reach this goal. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is driven by his desire to achieve the American Dream. Unfortunately, Gatsby’s drive to achieve the dream also results in him falling victim to it. Essentially, Gatsby falls victim to the American Dream because he is forced to face the reality that his dream is just that, a dream that is out of reach and unrealistic. The novel also shows what happened to the American Dream in the 1920’s, which is a time period when the dreams became corrupted for many reasons.†¦show more content†¦Gatsby grew up in North Dakota and did have no connections, money or education. He spent his youth training for his â€Å"Big Break†. Highly motivated, he had a plan to escape his life as a poor man. Gatsby was r esentful of his parents and their poverty. â€Å"His parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all.†(Fitzgerald 9.) Gatsby’s desire to escape the poverty and limits of his upbringing was so powerful that he created a new person he wanted to be in order to achieve what he desired rejecting his original name, parents, and goals for personal improvement as he invented a new person and attitude that would better support him in his quest. â€Å"So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end.† (Fitzgerald 9). Gatsby’s opportunity to get away from his family and into wealth occurs when he encounters a man by the name of Dan Cody. Dan Cody teaches Gatsby the skills and everything he needs to know about the bootlegging business. With this new job, Gatsby is suddenly given the opportunity t o meet his goal in the quickest and easiest way (even though it was illegal). Gatsby’s decision not only to participate in this illegal trade but shows how strong of a desire he has to reach his dream. In terms of wealth and status, Gatsby proves that he has attained a

Effectiveness of the Apology of Socrates free essay sample

These men were put to death because of their radical beliefs that were contrary to the philosophy of the society in which they preached. Abinidi was burned because of his calling the people of Zeniff to repentance. Jesus Christ was crucified by the Jews because of his so-called â€Å"blasphemy. † Although not exactly put to death, Galileo was imprisoned for life because of his research and theories on physical science that contradicted the views of the Catholic Church. These men were each victims of corrupt society which could not accept these new views being offered, wrongly accused of high crimes such as treason. One other famous martyr was Socrates, accused of various charges by the people of Athens. In Plato’s reenactment of Socrates’ self defense, modern audiences learn what charges Socrates was accused of, and his method of defense against these charges. From the writings of Socrates’ student Plato we know many characteristics of Socrates himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of the Apology of Socrates or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We know that he although his own philosophy could be considered similar to that of the Sophists, Socrates condemned them for undermining existing values without introducing new values to the people. The Sophists tended to make â€Å"the worse seem the better† (728). Socrates focused on problems relating to man instead of those of â€Å"man vs god. † In one aspect was Socrates’ philosophy similar to that of the Sophists, and that was that he had a strong desire to have men make their own decisions in all circumstances, not to rely only on the gods. He also was of the passionate belief that â€Å"virtue is knowledge†, and that any man who does wrong does it out of ignorance of a better way. Socrates believed that anyone who really knew the truth absolutely would not do evil deeds. All of these values contradicted those of Athenian society. However, Athens was famous for its diversity, its freedom of thought, its allowing the people to have their own ideas. Why, then, was Socrates sentenced to death? Some say that it was because of Athens’ own instability following the Peloponnesian War and the occupation of Sparta. During this time (about 399 BC), Athens was experiencing major setbacks, both economically and politically following a long period of prosperity and power. Others believe that Socrates was punished because, like all aforementioned martyrs, he spread his way of thinking to anyone who would listen. He pestered the city with his philosophies, as the â€Å"gadfly that stings the sluggish horse,† attempting to bring the city to his own enlightenment (738). It was because of this circulation of radical views that the people became incensed. The traditional Athenian religious views had been established hundreds of years before, so perhaps it was understandable that they were aggravated enough to sentence Socrates to death. In his Apology, Socrates lays out the various different accusations made against him. First he expounds on informal, ancient charges made against him in the form of prejudice by many of his peers. These charges are summed up â€Å"in an affidavit: ‘Socrates is an evil-doer, and a curious person, who searches things under the earth and in heaven, and he makes the worse appear the better cause, and he teaches these doctrines to others’† (729). These charges are not the formal charges and reason for the trial. However, they serve a purpose: to show that the people of Athens were previously biased against Socrates for his studies and recitations. In reaction to the charge of â€Å"making the worse appear the better,† he accuses his accusers of practically the same thing. He accuses them of making the morally weak argument appear to be the better argument. He indicts those people of conformity to the prejudices against him as their only reason for believing him to be of evil. He urges the people present for his defense to listen to those who believe he is innocent. This, I believe, is a very weak movement. It is as if he were to say, â€Å"I am innocent because these people believe I am. † Socrates’ formal charges were only two: first, he is accused of impiety, of disbelief in the accepted gods of Athens, and the introduction of new â€Å"divinities of his own†. His defense of this charge is quite weak. He brings up the oracle of Delphi, which plays a very important role in the world of the Greeks (which we know from various other works of literature). Chaerephon, a friend of Socrates, went to the oracle and inquired as to whether any man possessed more wisdom than Socrates. The response was that of â€Å"there is no man wiser† (730). When he heard this, Socrates immediately set about a search to find a wiser man than he. In doing so, he not only irritates and insults many of Athens’ most intelligent and powerful scholars, he almost proves his charge of impiety. In this case, Socrates is attempting to prove the oracle wrong. The Athenians believed that the oracles were never wrong, because they were gods and goddesses. To accuse one of falsehood was to accuse a god of ungodliness. In his speech, Socrates makes it seem as though the oracle at Delphi gave him a sort of challenge, a charge to find a man wiser than himself. However, this was not the case. This is simply another weak link in his argument. Meletus’ second charge against Socrates is the corruption of the youth. In one of his most intelligent strikes, Socrates summons Meletus, and makes a fool of him in front of the judges and jury. As all good lawyers are capable of doing, Socrates provokes Meletus and prods him into a corner from which he has no graceful way to escape. Thus he shifts the attention from himself onto the ridiculousness of Meletus’ propositions. Socrates also defends himself in this charge by saying simply that the young men of Athens need to be able to make up their own minds. He says that the children come to him of their own accord, because they want to learn, and Socrates will teach more effectively and relentlessly than the other conformist teachers. To the Athenian mind, the majority of his arguments are weak and unsubstantiated. Socrates rarely addresses the actual charges made against him, and never in a way that would effectively make this particular court rule in his favor. However, he is of the opinion that there is something morally wrong with â€Å"procuring an acquittal instead of informing and convincing† the judge and jury (741). In this case, he remains true to himself and his own values throughout his entire life, even when found guilty and sentenced to death. He comments that he would â€Å"rather die having spoken after my manner, than speak in your manner and live† (744). Socrates did not fear death. As he said, â€Å"no evil can happen to a good man, either in life or after death† (746). He even speaks words of comfort about his death to the judges and people of Athens. I think this is yet another testimony of the moral strength of his character. Thus, even though it is the natural instinct of man to defend himself, to do almost whatever it takes to avoid death, Socrates does so in a way that he remains true to himself and to those whom he has taught. One might say that his defense was ineffective due to the outcome, but his very lack of desperation in doing so would have changed my mind if I had been in that court.

Microsoft And Monopoly Essays (833 words) - AOL, Netscape

Microsoft And Monopoly This paper will show my opinion of Microsoft being branded a monopoly. I feel this example shows supply and demand in addition to monopolistic competition. This entire ordeal is over a free browser that Microsoft includes with windows for free and gives out on the internet for free just as Netscape and most other browser companies do. The government feels that Microsoft is creating a demand purely for their products by forcing its browser on suppliers and controlling prices. I have yet to see where Microsoft is charging extraordinary prices for any of these free programs nor do I see how Netscape, in using the governments definition, a "monopoly" itself, is "being forced out of business" by Microsoft's free browser. Remember: the charge is against including Internet Explorer with Windows, not the Windows monopoly itself. It is much better to have one operating system than 20 or even 2. Software compatibility, technical support, and setup are much more simplified with one operating system. Programs today are specifically designed to be "Windows compatible." Would you rather have 20 (local) phone companies, each with a different line and number running into your house or one, as is the case now? Internet Explorer brings browser competition to a market that is essentially monopolistic itself. Internet Explorer gives Netscape a competitive product where before virtually none existed. The purpose of antitrust laws is to prevent only harmful monopoly. Microsoft's operating system near monopoly is harmful in very few ways. Nor is Intel's chip near monopoly harmful, nor is Netscape's browser near monopoly. Other reasons easily explain how Microsoft came about to its size and how new companies constantly spring up in the computer industry. Computer software is a very volatile industry. To succeed in this industry all you basically need is a good program and a way to offer it for sale. All they have to do is make a program and copy it on a disk. Since making an extra disk containing the program costs all of 2 cents, it is more costly for the software company to print the box and manuals, than it is to make one extra disk. But it does cost Microsoft to develop a new program. No matter how cheap a disk is, capital investment such as salaries, factories, storage, and programmers always exist. Even though development costs are sunk and additional production costs are nonexistent, other costs are incurred. Besides, supply and demand determines where a price will fall. Another thing about the computer market is its ever-changing program market. For all we know, anyone literate in programming may develop a better program than Windows. If consumers like it, we may soon find another browser monopolist. For reasons similar to this, computer industry leaders have vastly changed in just a few years. At times Apple, IBM, Intel, Netscape, AT&T and even Commodore, have or had large, sometimes monopolist-like markets. Characteristics of monopolies that cause trouble are (1) restriction of output, (2) higher prices along with this restriction, (3) restriction of entry to a particular market and, in a few cases, (4) lack of innovation due to lack of competition. Not a single one of these problems is experience with Microsoft. These problems are only drastic when an item is in a secluded market with no close substitutes. Computers are definitely not necessities and there are few barriers to entry in the computer market (the only noticeable being computer literacy). Microsoft certainly does not restrict output and hold prices at extreme levels. If they did, nobody would buy Windows 95 or 98 when it came out. There is no reason to buy an upgrade except that people are looking for something new or something bigger and better. New versions of Windows do not sell because consumers aren't forced to buy them. They sell because consumers want them. Many of Microsoft's major products are included with Windows. Giving products away at no monetary cost is certainly not restricting output. Netscape had an almost full monopoly (90%) and still has a semi-monopoly at 65-70% of the browser market. So what they are worried about? They use the same methods of distribution of their software by offering it for free and having Internet providers include it with their registration software. Before Internet Explorer came along, we sat for long periods waiting for browser upgrades. There was essentially one browser - Netscape. Upgrades have been almost constant since the introduction of Explorer. The result: two companies with advanced browsers competing to build a better browser. Microsoft is not the only operating system